The Day-Night map shows, current parts of the world where it is currently Day and parts of the world where it is currently night.
The brighter shaded regions show the places of the Earth illuminated by the Sun. The darker shaded regions depict where the Earth is not currently illuminated by the Sun.
The day regions and night regions of the Earth are seen as parabolas or parabolae as the Earth is a Sphere or to be precise a Geoid.